Kodi mayendedwe a mpweya wa m'nyumba ndi chiyani komanso zotsatira zake paumoyo wa anthu?

Pafupifupi, anthu aku America amathera pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya nthawi yawo ali m'nyumba
1. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa zowononga zina m'nyumba nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera 2 mpaka 5 kuposa momwe zimakhalira kunja.
2. Anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo chotengera zoyipa za kuipitsa (mwachitsanzo, achichepere, okalamba, omwe ali ndi matenda amtima kapena kupuma) amakonda kuthera nthawi yochulukirapo m'nyumba.
3. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa zinthu zina zowononga m’nyumba kwawonjezeka m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazi chifukwa cha kumanga nyumba kosatha mphamvu (pamene mpweya wokwanira wamakina ukusowa kuti pakhale kusinthana kwa mpweya wokwanira) Mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi oyeretsa m’nyumba.

Zowononga ndi Magwero
Zowononga zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
• Kuwotcha kwa zinthu zina monga carbon monoxide, zinthu zinazake ndi utsi wa fodya wozungulira.
• Zinthu zachilengedwe monga radon, pet dander, ndi nkhungu.
• Zinthu zachilengedwe monga nkhungu.
• Mankhwala ophera tizilombo, lead ndi asibesitosi.
• Ozoni (kuchokera ku zoyeretsa mpweya).
• Ma VOC osiyanasiyana ochokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Zowononga zambiri zomwe zimakhudza mpweya wa m'nyumba zimachokera mkati mwa nyumba, koma zina zimachokera kunja.
• Zochokera m'nyumba (zochokera mnyumba momwemo). Zoyatsira m'nyumba, kuphatikizapo fodya, nkhuni ndi zida zophikira ndi zophikira, ndi zoyatsira moto, zimatulutsa zinthu zoyaka zowopsa monga carbon monoxide ndi zinthu zomwe zimalowera m'nyumba. Zinthu zoyeretsera, utoto, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa mankhwala osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ma organic compounds, mwachindunji mumpweya wamkati. Zipangizo zomangira ndizomwe zingatheke, mwina kudzera muzowonongeka (mwachitsanzo, ulusi wa asibesitosi wotuluka m'nyumba yotsekereza) kapena kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopano (mwachitsanzo, kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera kumitengo yamatabwa). Zinthu zina zomwe zili mumpweya wamkati ndi zachilengedwe, monga radon, nkhungu, ndi pet dander.

• Kochokera panja: Zowononga mpweya wakunja zimatha kulowa m’nyumba kudzera m’zitseko zotsegula, mazenera, makina olowera mpweya wabwino, ndi ming’alu ya m’nyumba. Zowononga zina zimalowa m'nyumba kudzera pa maziko omanga. Mwachitsanzo, radon imapanga mobisa pamene uranium imapezeka mwachilengedwe m'miyala ndi kuwonongeka kwa nthaka. Radoni imatha kulowa mnyumbamo kudzera m'ming'alu kapena mipata. Utsi woopsa wochokera m’machumuni ukhoza kulowanso m’nyumba, kuwononga mpweya m’nyumba ndi m’madera. M'madera omwe madzi apansi kapena nthaka yaipitsidwa, mankhwala osasunthika amatha kulowa m'nyumba kudzera munjira yomweyo. Mankhwala osasunthika a m'madzi amathanso kulowa mumpweya wamkati pamene okhalamo akugwiritsa ntchito madzi (monga kusamba, kuphika). Potsirizira pake, pamene anthu aloŵa m’nyumba, mosadziwa angadzetse dothi ndi fumbi lochokera panja pa nsapato ndi zovala zawo, limodzinso ndi zinthu zoipitsa zimene zimamatirira ku tiziduswa timeneti.

Zina Zomwe Zimakhudza Ubwino wa Mpweya wa M'nyumba
Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zina zingapo zomwe zingakhudze mpweya wamkati wamkati, kuphatikiza kusinthana kwa mpweya, nyengo yakunja, nyengo, ndi momwe amakhalira. Kusinthana kwa mpweya ndi kunja ndi chinthu chofunikira pozindikira kuchuluka kwa zowononga mpweya m'nyumba. Mlingo wa kusinthana kwa mpweya umakhudzidwa ndi mapangidwe, mapangidwe ndi machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito nyumbayo ndipo pamapeto pake ndi ntchito yolowera (mpweya umalowa m'mapangidwewo kudzera m'mitsempha, mafupa ndi ming'alu ya makoma, pansi ndi denga ndi kuzungulira zitseko ndi mazenera), mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe (mpweya umayenda kudzera m'mawindo ndi zitseko) ndi mpweya wopangidwa ndi makina (mpweya umakankhidwa m'chipinda kapena kunja kwa chipinda ndi chipangizo chothandizira mpweya monga fani kapena makina oyendetsa mpweya).

Nyengo yakunja ndi nyengo komanso momwe munthu amakhalamo amatha kusokoneza mpweya wamkati. Nyengo ingakhudze ngati okhalamo akutsegula kapena kutseka mazenera komanso ngati amagwiritsa ntchito zoziziritsira mpweya, zoziziritsa kukhosi kapena zotenthetsera, zomwe zimakhudza mpweya wamkati wamkati. Nthawi zina nyengo imatha kukulitsa mwayi wa chinyezi chamkati ndi kukula kwa nkhungu popanda mpweya wabwino kapena zowongolera mpweya.

Kukhudza thanzi la munthu
Zotsatira zathanzi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zowononga mpweya m'nyumba ndi monga:
• Zopweteka m'maso, mphuno ndi mmero.
• Mutu, chizungulire ndi kutopa.
• Matenda opuma, matenda a mtima ndi khansa.

Ubale pakati pa zinthu zowononga mpweya wa m'nyumba (monga radon, kuipitsidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mpweya wa carbon monoxide, Legionella) ndi zotsatira za thanzi ndizodziwika bwino.
• Radon ndi khansa yodziwika bwino ya anthu komanso yachiwiri yomwe imayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo.

Mpweya wa carbon monoxide ndi wapoizoni, ndipo kukhudzana ndi mpweya wa carbon monoxide kwakanthawi kochepa m'malo okhala m'nyumba kumatha kupha.

Matenda a Legionnaires, mtundu wa chibayo wobwera chifukwa chokumana ndi mabakiteriya a Legionella, umalumikizidwa ndi nyumba zomwe zimakhala ndi mpweya wabwino kapena makina otenthetsera.

Zambiri zowononga mpweya m'nyumba - nthata za fumbi, nkhungu, pet dander, utsi wa fodya wa chilengedwe, zowononga mphemvu, zinthu zina, ndi zina zotero.
Ngakhale kuti zotsatirapo zoipa za thanzi zimachititsidwa ndi zoipitsa zina, kumvetsetsa kwasayansi pazovuta zina za mpweya wamkati zikuyendabe.

Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi "sick building syndrome," yomwe imachitika pamene omanga nyumba amakhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana akalowa m'nyumba inayake, zomwe zimachepa kapena kutha pambuyo potuluka. Zizindikiro izi zikuchulukirachulukira chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakunyumba zamkati.

Ochita kafukufuku akhala akuphunziranso za ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa mpweya wa m'nyumba ndi zinthu zofunika zomwe nthawi zonse zimaganiziridwa kuti sizikugwirizana ndi thanzi, monga momwe ophunzira amachitira m'kalasi ndi zokolola za akatswiri.

Gawo linanso lomwe likutukuka pakufufuza ndi kupanga, kumanga, kugwira ntchito ndi kukonza "nyumba zobiriwira" kuti zigwiritse ntchito mphamvu komanso kuwongolera mpweya wamkati.

ROE index
Ngakhale zambiri zimadziwika ponena za mavuto osiyanasiyana amtundu wa mpweya wamkati ndi zotsatira zake zaumoyo, zizindikiro ziwiri zokha za dziko za mpweya wamkati wamkati kutengera nthawi yayitali komanso khalidwe labwino zomwe zilipo panopa: radon ndi serum cotinine (muyeso wa utsi wa fodya. Index.)

Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ma metric a ROE sangapangidwe pazinthu zina zamkati zamkati. Mwachitsanzo, palibe netiweki yoyang'anira dziko lonse lapansi yomwe nthawi zonse imayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya mkati mwa zitsanzo zovomerezeka zanyumba, masukulu, ndi maofesi. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti palibe chomwe chimadziwika ponena za mitundu yambiri yamtundu wa mpweya wamkati ndi zotsatira zokhudzana ndi thanzi. M'malo mwake, chidziwitso ndi zambiri pankhaniyi zitha kupezeka m'mabuku aboma komanso zolemba zasayansi. Izi sizikuperekedwa ngati zizindikiro za ROE chifukwa sizimayimilira dziko lonse kapena sizikuwonetsa zovuta pa nthawi yayitali mokwanira.