Meyi 7, 2024
Masiku ano, khalidwe la mpweya umene timapuma wakhala nkhani yovuta kwambiri. Kwa ife omwe timakhala m'mizinda kapena m'midzi, kukwera kwa mizinda ndi misewu ikuluikulu kumapanga malo ndikubweretsa zowononga. Kumadera akumidzi, mpweya wabwino umakhudzidwa makamaka ndi ulimi wa mafakitale ndi ntchito zamigodi. Pamene moto wolusa ukuyaka nthawi yayitali komanso m'malo ambiri, madera onse amakumana ndi zidziwitso zamtundu wa mpweya.
Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kwagwirizanitsidwa ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo. Zotsatira za thanzi zimadalira mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zowononga mumlengalenga, koma bungwe la World Health Organisation (WHO) likuyerekeza kuti kuwonongeka kwa mpweya m'nyumba ndi komwe kumakhala komwe kumayambitsa kufa msanga kwa 6.7 miliyoni chaka chilichonse.
M’nkhani ino ya pabulogu, tipenda za thanzi la kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya ndi ena mwa olakwa ambiri.
Kodi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kumakhudza bwanji thanzi lanu?
Kuperewera kwa mpweya kumabweretsa kufa msanga kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza kupuma ndi mtima. Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kungayambitse matenda aakulu (mwadzidzidzi komanso ovuta, koma omwe angakhale a nthawi yochepa) komanso osachiritsika (omwe angakhale osachiritsika, omwe akudwala kwa nthawi yaitali). Nazi njira zina zomwe kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kungayambitse imfa:
Kutupa: Kuwonekera kwa zinthu zowononga mpweya, monga particulate matter (PM) ndi ozone (O3), kungayambitse kutupa kwa kupuma ndi machitidwe a mtima, komanso ziwalo zina. Kutupa kumeneku kumatha kukulitsa matenda opumira monga matenda osachiritsika a pulmonary (COPD) komanso mavuto amtima omwe amatsogolera ku matenda amtima komanso sitiroko.
Kuchepetsa kugwira ntchito kwa mapapu: Kukumana ndi zinthu zina zoipitsa kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka zinthu zotchedwa fine particle (PM2.5), kungachititse kuti m’mapapo asiye kugwira ntchito m’mapapo pakapita nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu atengeke mosavuta ndi matenda opuma. PM2.5 imathanso kudutsa chotchinga chamagazi ndi ubongo ndikuwononga ubongo
Kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi: Zowonongeka, makamaka kuchokera ku kuwonongeka kwa mpweya wokhudzana ndi magalimoto (TRAP) monga nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone ndi PM, zakhala zikugwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa magazi, zomwe ndi chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.
Mapangidwe a Atherosulinosis: Kuwonekera kwa nthawi yayitali kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya kwagwirizanitsidwa ndi chitukuko cha atherosulinosis (kuuma ndi kuchepa kwa mitsempha), zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima monga matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko.
Kupsinjika kwa okosijeni: Kuwonetsedwa ndi zoipitsa kungayambitse kupsinjika kwa okosijeni, kuwononga ma cell ndi minofu. Kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni kumeneku kwalumikizidwa ndi chitukuko cha matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo sitiroko ndi khansa. Kungathenso kufulumizitsa kukalamba kwa thupi
Khansara: Kwa anthu ena, kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kungayambitse khansa ya m'mapapo monga kusuta fodya. Kuipitsa mpweya kwagwirizanitsidwanso ndi khansa ya m’mawere
Kuwonjezeka kwa imfa zamwamsanga chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya nthawi zambiri kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda aakulu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kwa nthawi yaitali. Komabe, ngakhale kuwonekera kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti achinyamata athanzi amayamba kugunda kwa mtima kosasintha pakangotha maola ochepa chabe atakumana ndi vuto la mpweya.
Mavuto azaumoyo okhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya amaphatikizapo kupuma ndi kutupa kwa mtima, kuchepa kwa mapapu, kuwonjezereka kwa magazi, kuuma ndi kuchepa kwa mitsempha, kuwonongeka kwa maselo ndi minofu, khansa ya m'mapapo ndi khansa ya m'mawere.
Choncho tiyenera kulabadira kwambiri mpweya, pa nthawi ino mankhwala adzakupatsani mpweya woyera.
MALONJE
1 Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya m'nyumba. (2023, Disembala 15). Bungwe Loyanganira Thanzi Padziko Lonse la Pansi.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health.
2 Grunig G, Marsh LM, Esmaeil N, et al. Kaonedwe: Kuipitsa mpweya wozungulira: kuyankha kotupa komanso zotsatira zake pamitsempha yamapapo. Pulm Circ. 2014 Marichi 4(1):25-35. doi:10.1086/674902.
3 Li W, Lin G, Xiao Z, et al. Ndemanga ya kuwonongeka kwaubongo komwe kunayambitsa kupuma (PM2.5). Front Mol Neurosci. 2022 Sep 7; 15:967174. doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.967174.
4 Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, et al. Kupsinjika kwa Oxidative: Zowopsa ndi Zopindulitsa pa Thanzi la Anthu. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:8416763. doi:10.1155/2017/8416763.
5 Pro Publica. (2021, Novembala 2). Kodi Kuwonongeka kwa Mpweya Kungayambitse Khansa? Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Zowopsa. Pro Publica.https://www.propublica.org/article/can-air-pollution-cause-cancer-risks.
6 Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mpweya komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka. (2023, Seputembara 12). National Institutes of Health (NIH).https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/high-levels-particulate-air-pollution-associated-increased-breast-cancer-incidence.
7 He F, Yanosky JD, Fernandez-Mendoza J, et al. Acute Impact of Fine Particulate Air Pollution on Cardiac Arrhythmias mu Population-based Sample of Adolescents: The Penn State Child Cohort. Ulendo wa Amer Heart Assoc. 2017 Jul 27; 11:e026370. doi:10.1161/JAHA.122.026370.
8 Khansara ndi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya. (ndi). Union for International Cancer Control.https://www.uicc.org/what-we-do/thematic-areas/cancer-and-air-pollution.
9 Kuyang'aniranso Komaliza kwa Miyezo ya National Ambient Air Quality for Particulate Matter (PM). (2024, February 7). US EPA.https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/final-reconsideration-national-ambient-air-quality-standards-particulate-matter-pm.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-10-2024